thelittlelibrary

NBA top 10 moments of the decade!

2010-05-26T07:17:00.000-07:00

Accidents you Ever Seen - Horrible!

2010-04-23T04:33:00.000-07:00

Dredged sand to expand Broadwater Parklands at two locations

2009-02-25T05:18:00.000-08:00

Southport Broadwater Parklands is about to grow by more than four hectares.

The parklands will be widened in two separate locations in a reclamation program that will provide an additional new events space for the city and a unique mangrove habitat which will be a reminder of a bygone era.

Both areas are being created as part of the overall master plan for the parklands which was launched by Premier Anna Bligh in 2007.

Recycled sand from the dredging of two navigation channels in the Broadwater will be used to form the two new areas.

Dredging is expected to begin in early March and take nearly four months to pump approximately 100,000 cubic metres of sand from the Southern Channel, near the Seaway entrance, and South Wave Break Channel.

Mayor Ron Clarke said the reclaimed areas would add greatly to the attraction of the parklands and would complement the $36 million Stage One Broadwater Parklands project that was now rapidly taking shape.

He said Council was providing $1.2 million towards the dredging operation, with the balance of $300,000 coming from Queensland Transport.

“The amount of dredged sand to be deposited at the reclamation sites will be equivalent to filling the Titans’ football ground at Robina to a depth of more than 15 metres.

‘Following the reclamation process, we expect to spend several million dollars in landscaping the two new areas,” said Cr Clarke.

The first area - which will be near the existing southern children’s playground and swimming enclosure - will be planted with dune vegetation, lawn and shade-providing Casuarina trees, and will allow open access to the beach area.

Its large open lawn area will also give the Gold Coast an additional high quality space in which major events can take place.

The second area - north of the existing boat ramp - will be an environmental offsets zone that will have a section of existing seagrass transplanted from the first area. It will also include a 1.2 hectare fish and mangrove habitat, and visitor interpretation pathway.

A wetland that is presently being constructed in the central section of the Stage One parklands redevelopment, will treat 3.2 hectares of previously untreated urban runoff to assist general seagrass growth in the Broadwater.

Additionally, Griffith University will be assisting Council with fisheries research projects in the Broadwater.

Local area Councillor, Dawn Crichlow, said mangroves were once found in sections of the Nerang River and Broadwater estuarine areas but were gradually lost to urbanisation.

“It will be great for the community to have both of these new features. They can either explore them, or simply relax in beautiful surroundings.

“The addition of the reclaimed areas will enhance the Broadwater Parklands as a community asset,” said Cr Crichlow.

The dredging and reclamation works have been approved in accordance with the provisions of relevant State Government legislation. None of the work will be carried out in protected fish or bird habitats.

Inca Rope bridge

2009-01-22T05:07:00.001-08:00

Inca Rope bridges were simple suspension bridges over canyons and gorges to present access for the Inca Empire. Bridges of this type were suitable for use since the Inca people did not use wheeled transport - traffic was incomplete to pedestrians and livestock. These bridges were an intrinsic part on the Inca road scheme and are an excellent example of Inca innovation in engineering. They were frequently used by Chasqui runners delivering messages throughout the Inca Empire.

The construction of these bridges amounted to a pair of stone anchors on each side of the canyon with immense cables of woven ichu grass linking these two pylons together. Adding to this construction, two additional cables acted as guardrails. The cables which supported the foot-path were unbreakable with plaited branches. This multi-structure system made these bridges strong enough to even carry the Spaniards while riding horses after they indoors. However, these massive bridges were so heavy that they tended to sag in the middle, and this caused them to bend in high winds.

Music

2008-12-11T04:53:00.001-08:00

Music is an art form consisting of sound and silence expressed through time. Elements of sound as used in music are pitch, rhythm and sonic qualities of timbre, articulation, dynamics, and texture.

The creation, performance, significance and even the definition of music, varies according to culture and social context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions and performances to improvisational or aleatoric forms. For purposes of discussion and exploration of the topic, music is divided into genres and sub-genres, although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often unclear and/or controversial. Within "the arts", music can be classified as a performing art, a fine art, or an auditory art form.

Music may also involve generative forms in time through the construction of patterns and combinations of natural stimuli, principally sound. Music may be used for artistic or aesthetic, communicative, entertainment, ceremonial or religious purposes and by many composers purely as an academic instrument for study.

Nature

2008-10-13T06:04:00.000-07:00

The word nature is consequent from the Latin word natura, or the course of things, natural character. Natural was a Latin translation of the Greek word physis, which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics that plants, animals, and other features of the world develop of their own accord. This is shown in the first written use of the word, in connection with a plant. The concept of nature as a whole, the physical universe, is one of several expansions of the original notion; it began with certain core applications of the word by pre-Socratic philosophers, and has steadily gained currency ever since. This usage was confirmed during the advent of modern scientific method in the last several centuries.

Within the various uses of the word today, "nature" may refer to the general realm of various types of living plants and animals, and in some cases to the processes associated with inanimate objects - the way that particular types of things exist and change of their own accord, such as the weather and geology of the Earth, and the matter and energy of which all these things are composed. It is often taken to mean the "natural environment" or wilderness - wild animals, rocks, forest, beaches, and in general those things that have not been substantially altered by human intervention, or which persist despite human intervention. This more traditional concept of natural things which can still be found today implies a distinction between the natural and the artificial, with the latter being understood as that which has been brought into being by a human or human-like consciousness or mind.

Market

2008-09-11T19:03:00.001-07:00

A market is a social arrangement that allows buyers and sellers to discover in sequence and carry out a voluntary replace of goods or services. It is one of the two key institutions that organize trade, along with the right to own goods. In everyday usage, the word market may refer to the place where goods are traded, sometimes known as a marketplace, or to a street market.
In economics a financial market is a device that allows people to easily buy and sell financial securities, commodities, and other fungible substance of value at low transaction costs and at prices that reflect capable markets.
A stock market is a market for the trading of company stock, and derivatives of same; both of these are securities scheduled on a stock replace as well as those only traded privately.

Power

2008-07-21T05:49:00.001-07:00

Power is the rate at which work is performed or energy is transmitted or the amount of energy essential or finished for a given unit of time. It is many types of conversion
Power.
Power (physics) is the quantity of work done or energy transferred per unit of time. Motive power is power which moves great, such as output of a motor. Electric power generation is the process of converting any form of energy to electrical energy.

Power station, a capability for generating electricity, nuclear power, the conversion of nuclear force to electricity, solar power, the translation of solar energy to electricity, wind power, the conversion of wind energy to electricity, wave power, the conversion of signal energy to electricity, tidal power, the conversion of energy of the tides energy to electricity, geothermal power, the conversion of geothermal power to electricity, hydropower, the conversion of possible or kinetic energy of water to electricity, Optical power of a lens is the opposite of its focal length, Effective radiated power in radio telecommunications is a calculate of radio station antennas.

Earth

2008-05-29T07:31:00.001-07:00

Earth is the fifth largest planet in the solar system, third in order of distance from the Sun. It is the largest of its planetary system's terrestrial planets and the only place in the universe known to support life.

The most prominent features of the earth's climate are its two large polar regions, two relatively narrow temperate zones, and a wide equatorial tropical to subtropical region. Precipitation patterns vary widely according to location, ranging from several meters of water per year to less than a millimeter. About 70 percent of the surface is covered by salt-water oceans. The remainder consists of continents and islands, with the vast majority of the inhabited land in the Northern Hemisphere.

Earth has evolved through geological and biological processes that have left traces of the original conditions. The outer surface is divided into several tectonic plates that gradually migrate across the surface over geologic time spans, which at least several times have changed relatively quickly. The interior of the planet remains active, with a thick layer of molten Earth mantle and an iron-filled core that generates a magnetic field

Birds

2008-05-13T09:48:00.001-07:00

Many species of bird undertake long distance annual migrations, and many more perform shorter irregular movements. Birds are social and communicate using visual signals and through calls and song, and participate in social behaviors including cooperative hunting, cooperative breeding, flocking and mobbing of predators. Birds are primarily socially monogamous, with engagement in extra-pair copulations being common in some species-other species have polygamous or polyandrous breeding systems. Eggs are regularly laid in a nest and incubated and most birds have an extended period of parental care after hatching.

Birds are economically important to humans: many are important sources of food, acquired either through hunting or farming, and they provide other products. Some species, particularly songbirds and parrots, are popular as pets. Birds figure prominently in all aspects of human culture from religion to poetry and popular music. About 120-130 species have become extinct as a result of human activity since 1600, and hundreds more before this. Currently around 1,200 species of birds are threatened with extinction by human activities and efforts are underway to protect them.

Inductor

2008-04-17T08:30:00.000-07:00

An inductor is a passive electrical device working in electrical circuits for its property of inductance. Inductance is an consequence which results from the magnetic field that forms around a current carrying conductor. Electrical current through the conductor creates a magnetic flux relative to the current. A change in this current creates a change in magnetic flux that, in turn, generates an electromotive force that acts to oppose this change in current. Inductance is a calculate of the generated emf for a unit modify in current. An inductor with an inductance of 1 henry produces an emf of 1 V when the current through the inductor changes at the rate of 1 ampere per second. The number of turns, the area of each loop/turn, and what it is wrapped around influence the inductance.

An inductor opposes changes in the current. An ideal inductor would offer no resistance to a constant direct current, however, only superconducting inductors have truly zero electrical resistance. Inductors are used expansively in analog circuits and signal processing.

Helium

2008-03-13T08:04:00.001-07:00

In 1868 the French astronomer Pierre Janssen first detected helium as an unknown yellow phantom line signature in light from a solar conceal. Since then large reserves of helium have been found in the natural gas fields of the United States, which is by far the largest provider of the gas. It is used in cryogenics, in deep-sea breathing systems, to cool superconducting magnets, in helium dating, for inflating balloons, for providing lift in airships and as a protecting gas for many industrial uses (such as arc welding and growing silicon wafers). A much less serious use is to momentarily change the quality and quality of one's voice by inhaling a small number of the gas.

Helium (He) is a colorless, neutral, tasteless, harmless, inert monatomic compound element that heads the noble gas series in the sporadic table and whose atomic number is 2. Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among the elements and it exists only as a gas except in extreme conditions. Extreme conditions are also needed to create the small handful of helium compounds, which are all rickety at standard warmth and pressure. In its most common form, helium-4, it has two neutrons in its core, while a second, rarer, stable isotope called helium-3 contains just one neutron. The behavior of liquid helium-4's two fluid phases, helium I and helium II, is important to researchers studying quantum mechanics and to those looking at the effects that temperatures near complete zero have on matter.

Helium is the second most plentiful and second lightest element in the known creation, and is one of the elements believed to have been created in the Big Bang. In the modern universe almost all new helium is created as a result of the nuclear synthesis of hydrogen in stars. On Earth helium is rare, and almost all of that which exists was created by the radioactive molder of much heavier elements (alpha particles are helium nuclei). After its creation, part of it was trapped with natural gas in concentrations up to 7% by volume, from which it is extracted commercially by fractional sanitization. Large reserves of helium have been found in the natural gas fields of the United States but helium is known in gas reserves of a few other countries.

Handsfree

2008-03-10T08:07:00.000-07:00

Handsfree is an adjective describing tackle that can be used without the use of hands or, in a wider sense, equipment which needs only limited use of hands, or for which the controls are positioned so that the hands are able to occupy themselves with another task without needing to hunt far afield for the controls.

Devices that are typically used for handsfree statement use Bluetooth as its wireless technology. They still call for a mobile phone or other device to commence a call. These devices include Bluetooth headsets, hands-free car kits (HFCK), and personal navigation devices (PND). Originally introduced as optional features connected by a wire to mobile phones or other communication devices, they now generally are available with wireless technology.

Bluetooth handsfree options are now also easily found in any high end automotive as part of the vehicle's stereo system, or in after market stereo system units. This option utilizes the vehicle's speakers to transmit the caller's voice in the phone call and have an embedded microphone in the stereo unit itself, the steering wheel, or use a part wired microphone that can be placed anywhere in the automobile.

Fort St George

2008-02-19T08:42:00.000-08:00

Fort St George is the name of the first British citadel in India, founded in 1639 at the coastal city of Madras. The construction of the fort provided the momentum for further settlements and trading activity, in what was formerly a no man's sand. Thus, it is a reasonable contention to say that the city evolved around the citadel.

The Company, which had entered India around 1600 for trading activities, had begun licensed trading at Surat, which was its initial citadel. However, to secure its trade lines and commercial interests in the flavor trade, it felt the essential of a port closer to the Malaccan Straits. It succeeded in purchasing a piece of coastal land, originally called Madraspattinam (Channapatnam - by a few accounts.), from a local chieftain, where it began construction of a harbour and a fort. The fort was completed on April 23rd, coinciding with St. George's Day, celebrated in honour of St. George, the patron saint of England. The fort, hence christened Fort St. George faced the sea and a few fishing villages, and soon became the hub of trade activity. It gave birth to a new settlement area called George Town, which grew to envelop the villages and led to the structure of the city of Madras. It also helped establish British influence over the Carnatic region, and keep the kings of Arcot and Srirangapatna, as well as the French forces based at Pondicherry, at bay.

The fort is a stranglehold with 6 meter high walls that withstood a number of assaults in the 18th century. It briefly passed into the tenure of the French from 1746 to 1749, but was restored to the British under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which ended the War of Austrian Succession.

Today, the Fort serves as the directorial headquarters for the governmental assembly of Tamil Nadu state, and still houses a battalion for troops in transit to various locations at South India and the Andamans. The Fort Museum contains many ruins of the Raj, including portraits of many of the Governors.

Keyboard

2008-02-11T04:05:00.000-08:00

Physically, a keyboard is an agreement of rectangular buttons, or keys. A keyboard typically has characters stamped or printed on the keys; in most cases, each press of a key corresponds to a single written symbol. However, to produce some cryptogram requires pressing and holding several keys all together or in sequence; other keys do not produce any symbol, but instead affect the operation of the computer or the keyboard itself.

A majority of all keyboard keys produce letters, numbers or signs that are proper for the operator's language. Other keys can produce actions when pressed, and other actions are available by the real-time pressing of more than one action key.

Computer

2008-01-30T07:20:00.000-08:00

Computers take plentiful physical forms. The first devices that be similar to modern computers date to the mid-20th century (around 1940 - 1945), although the computer concept and various machines similar to computers existed earlier. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, strong as much power as several hundred modern personal computers. Modern computers are based on relatively tiny integrated circuits and are millions to billions of times more capable while occupying a fraction of the space.

Today, simple computers may be made small enough to fit into a wristwatch and be powered from a watch battery. Personal computers in various forms are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as "a computer"; however, the most common form of computer in use today is the surrounded computer. Embedded computers are small, simple devices that are used to control other devices, for example, they may be found in machines ranging from fighter aircraft to industrial robots, digital cameras, and children's toys.

The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile and distinguishes them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a arithmetical statement of this versatility: any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore, computers with potential and complexity ranging from that of a personal digital assistant to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks given enough time and storage capacity.

Laptop

2008-01-19T02:11:00.000-08:00

A laptop computer, or simply laptop, is a small mobile computer, which usually weighs 2-18 pounds (1-6 kilograms), depending on mass, materials, and other factors.
Laptops usually run on a single main battery or from an external AC/DC adapter which can blame the battery while also supplying power to the processor itself. Many computers also have a 3 volt cell to run the clock and other processes in the occurrence of a power failure.

As personal computers, laptops are skilled of the same tasks as a desktop computer, although they are classically less powerful for the similar price. They contain components that are similar to their desktop counterparts and perform the same functions, but are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use and capable power consumption. Laptops usually have liquid crystal displays and most of them use unusual memory modules for their chance access memory (RAM), for instance, SO-DIMM in lieu of the superior DIMMs. In addition to a built-in keyboard, they may utilize a touchpad or a pointing stick for input, though an outside keyboard or mouse can frequently be attached.

Hardware

2007-12-29T06:28:00.001-08:00

Hardware is a general term that refers to the physical artifacts of a technology. It may also mean the physical components of a computer system.

Hardware historically meant the metal parts and fittings that were used to make wooden products stronger, more functional, longer lasting and easier to fabricate or assemble. In modern usage it includes equipment such as keys, locks, hinges, latches, corners, handles, wire, chains, plumbing supplies, tools, utensils, cutlery and machine parts, especially when they are made of metal. In the United States, this type of hardware has been traditionally sold in hardware stores, a term also used to a lesser extent in the UK.

In the electronics and especially computer industries, computer hardware specifically means the physical or tangible parts of the equipment, such as circuit boards, keyboards, monitors etc., in contrast to non-physical software running on the computer or other device.

In a more colloquial sense, hardware can refer to major items of military equipment, such as tanks, aircraft or ships.

River

2007-12-19T08:51:00.000-08:00

A river is a natural waterway that transits water through a setting from higher to lower elevations. A river may have its basis in a spring, lake, from damp, boggy landscapes where the soil is waterlogged, from glacial melt, or from surface runoff of precipitation. Almost each and every one river is joined by other rivers and streams termed tributaries the highest of which are known as headwaters. Water may also begin from groundwater sources. Throughout the course of the river, the total volume transported downstream will often be a combination of the free water flow together with a important contribution flowing through sub-surface rocks and gravels that underlie the river and its floodplain. For many rivers in large valleys, this unseen component of flow may greatly go above the visible flow.

From their source, all rivers flow downhill, typically terminating in the sea or in a lake, through a confluence. In arid areas rivers sometimes end by losing water to desertion. River water may also infiltrate into the soil or pervious rock, where it becomes groundwater. Excessive abstraction of water for use in commerce, irrigation, etc., can also cause a river to dry before success its natural terminus.

Historical perspective

2007-12-13T08:32:00.000-08:00

Based on the available evidence, scientists have reconstructed detailed information about the planet's past. Earth is estimated to have formed approximately 4.55 billion years ago out of the solar nebula, along with the Sun and other planets. The moon formed relatively soon afterwards.

Initially molten, the outer layer of the planet cooled, resulting in the solid crust. Outgas sing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere. Condensing water vapor, augmented by ice delivered by comets, produced the oceans. The highly energetic chemistry is believed to have produced a self-replicating molecule around 4 billion years ago.

Continents formed, then broke up and re-formed as the surface of Earth reshaped itself over the course of hundreds of millions of years, occasionally combining to make a super continent. Roughly 750 million years ago, the earliest known super continent Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia which broke apart about 540 million years ago, then finally Pangaea, which broke apart about 180 million years ago.

Indicator

2007-11-27T06:43:00.000-08:00

Dial indicators are instruments used to correctly measure a small distance. They may also be known as a Dial gauge, Dial Test Indicator, or as a clock. They are named so because the measurement results are displayed in a overstated way by means of a dial. They may be used to check the dissimilarity in tolerance during the check process of a machined part, measure the deflection of a beam or ring under laboratory conditions, as well as many other situations where a small measurement needs to be registered or indicated.

An economic indicator is a statistic concerning the economy. The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists of lighting and signaling procedure mounted or integrated to the front, sides and rear of the vehicle. The purpose of this system is to present illumination for the driver to operate the vehicle safely after dark, to increase the visibility of the vehicle, and to display information about the vehicle's presence, position, size, direction of travel, and driver's intentions concerning direction and speed of travel.

Tropical Cyclones

2007-11-19T06:13:00.000-08:00

A tropical cyclone is a hurricane structure fueled by the heat unconfined when moist air rises and the water vapor in it condenses. The term describes the storm's foundation in the tropics and its cyclonic nature, which means that its association is counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere. Tropical cyclones are eminent from other cyclonic windstorms such as nor'easters, European windstorms, and polar lows by the heat device that fuels them, which makes them warm core storm systems.

Depending on their place and strength, there are different provisions by which tropical cyclones are identified, such as hurricane, typhoon, tropical storm, cyclonic storm and tropical dejection.

Tropical cyclones can produce enormously strong winds, tornadoes, torrential rain, high waves, and storm surges. The deep rains and storm surges can construct general flooding. Although their possessions on human populations can be disturbing, tropical cyclones also can have valuable effects by relieving deficiency circumstances. They carry heat gone from the tropics, an essential mechanism of the global special atmospheric movement that maintains balance in the earth's troposphere.

Water Pollution

2007-10-26T09:20:00.001-07:00

Organic wastes such as sewage impose high oxygen demands on the receiving water leading to oxygen reduction with potentially severe impacts on the whole eco-system. Industries release a variety of pollutants in their wastewater including heavy metals, organic toxins, oils, nutrients, and solids. Discharges can also have thermal effects, particularly those from power stations, and these too decrease the available oxygen. Silt-bearing overflow from many activities including construction sites, deforestation and agriculture can inhibit the penetration of sunlight through the water column, restricting photosynthesis and causing blanketing of the lake or river bed, in turn damaging ecological systems.

Birds

2007-10-15T03:30:00.000-07:00

Birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs during the Jurassic, and the initial known bird is the Late Jurassic Archaeopteryx, Ranging in size from tiny hummingbirds to the huge Ostrich and Emu, there are between 9,000-10,000 known living bird species in the world, making them the most diverse class of terrestrial vertebrates. Modern birds are characterised by feathers, a beak with no teeth, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a light but strong skeleton. Most birds have forelimbs customized as wings and can fly, though the ratites and several others, particularly endemic island species, have also lost the ability to fly.
Many species of bird undertake long distance annual migrations, and many more perform shorter more asymmetrical movements. Birds are social and communicate using visual signals and through calls and song, and contribute in social behaviors including cooperative hunting, helpful breeding, flocking and mobbing of predators. Birds are primarily communally monogamous, with meeting in extra-pair copulations being common in some species; other species have polygamous or polyandrous breeding systems. Eggs are regularly lay in a nest and incubated and most birds have an extended period of parental care after hatching.

Electric motor

2007-10-09T06:17:00.001-07:00

An electric motor converts electrical power into mechanical energy. The reverse task, that of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, is proficient by a generator or dynamo. Traction motors used on locomotives often perform both tasks if the locomotive is equipped with active brakes. Electric motors are found in household appliance such as fans, refrigerators, washing machines, pool pumps and fan-forced ovens.Most electric motors work by electromagnetism, but motors based on other electromechanical phenomenon, such as electrostatic services and the piezoelectric effect, also exist.
The fundamental principle upon which electromagnetic motors are based is that there is a mechanical force on any current-carrying wire controlled within a magnetic field. The force is described by the Lorentz force law and is vertical to both the wire and the magnetic field. Most magnetic motors are rotary, but linear motors also exist. In a rotary motor, the rotate part is called the rotor, and the stationary part is called the stator. The rotor rotates because the wires and magnetic field are arranged so that a torque is residential about the rotor's axis.

Social network

2007-09-19T07:55:00.000-07:00

A social network is a social structure made of nodes that are tied by one or more specific types of relatives, such as values, visions, idea, financial exchange, friends, kinship, dislike, trade, web links, sexual relations, disease communication or airline routes.
Social network analysis views common relationships in terms of nodes and ties. Nodes are the individual actors within the networks, and ties are the associations between the actors. Research in a number of academic fields has shown that social networks operate on many levels, from families up to the level of nations, and play a serious role in determining the way problems are solved, organizations are run, and the degree to which individuals succeed in achieving their goals.
In its simplest form, a social network is a map of all of the appropriate ties between the nodes being studied. The network can also be used to decide the social capital of individual actors. These concepts are often displayed in a shared network diagram, where nodes are the points and ties are the lines.

Calculator

2007-09-04T09:49:00.000-07:00

A calculator is a machine for performing calculations. Although modern calculators often incorporate a general purpose computer, the device is calculated for performing specific operations, rather than for flexibility. Modern calculators are more convenient than most computers, though some PDAs are comparable in amount to handheld calculators.
In the past, some calculators were as huge as today's computers. The first automatic calculators were mechanical desktop devices which were replaced by electromechanical desktop calculators, and then by electronic devices using first thermionic valves, then transistors, then hard-wired integrated circuit logic. New calculators are electrically powered and come in innumerable shapes and sizes varying from cheap, give-away, credit-card sized models to more sturdy adding machine-like models with built-in printers.

Inductor

2007-08-23T09:58:00.000-07:00

An inductor is a passive electrical device working in electrical circuits for its property of inductance. Inductance is an consequence which results from the magnetic field that forms around a current carrying conductor. Electrical current through the conductor creates a magnetic flux relative to the current. A change in this current creates a change in magnetic flux that, in turn, generates an electromotive force that acts to oppose this change in current. Inductance is a calculate of the generated emf for a unit modify in current. An inductor with an inductance of 1 henry produces an emf of 1 V when the current through the inductor changes at the rate of 1 ampere per second. The number of turns, the area of each loop/turn, and what it is wrapped around influence the inductance.
An inductor opposes changes in the current. An ideal inductor would offer no resistance to a constant direct current, however, only superconducting inductors have truly zero electrical resistance. Inductors are used expansively in analog circuits and signal processing.

Safety

2007-08-16T05:01:00.000-07:00

Safety is the state of being safe, the situation of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or additional types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable. This can take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure to something that causes health or reasonable losses. There also are two slightly different meanings of safety, a safety home may indicate its protection ability against external harm events, and the second that its internal installations are safe for its habitants.
Safety can be limited in relative to some guarantee or a standard of insurance to the quality and unharmful function of an object or organization. It is used in order to ensure that the object or association will do only what it is meant to do. Normative safety is a term used to explain products or designs that meet applicable design standards. Substantive safety stands for that the real-world safety history is favorable, whether or not standards are met. Perceived safety refers to the stage of comfort of users

Hockey

2007-08-06T06:28:00.000-07:00

Hockey is any of a family of sports in which two teams struggle by trying to maneuver a ball, or a hard, surrounding disc called a puck, into the opponent's net or goal, using a hockey stick. Field hockey is played on nettle, natural grass, sand-based or water-based artificial turfs, with a small, hard ball. The game is popular among both males and females in many countries of the world, mostly in Europe, India, Pakistan, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and South Asia. In most countries, the game is played between single-sex sides, even though it can be played by mixed-sex sides. In the United States and Canada it is played mostly by women.Ball hockey is played in a gym using sticks and a ball, often a tennis ball with the hair removed.

There are early representations and reports of hockey-type games being played on ice in the Netherlands, and reports from Canada from the beginning of the nineteenth century, but the modern game was initially planned by students at McGill University, Montreal in 1875 who, by two years later, codified the first set of ice hockey rules and organized the first teams.

Gear

2007-07-26T06:33:00.001-07:00

A gear is a wheel with teeth around its circumference, the purpose of the teeth being to mesh with similar teeth on another mechanical device possibly another gear wheel so that force can be transmitted between the two strategies in a direction tangential to their surfaces. A non-toothed wheel can transmit some tangential force but will slip if the force is large; teeth put off slippage and permit the transmission of large forces.

A gear can mesh with any device having teeth friendly with the gear's teeth. Such devices include racks and other non-rotating policy; however, the most common condition is for a gear to be in mesh with another gear. In this case revolution of one of the gears necessarily causes the other gear to rotate. In this way, rotational motion can be transferred from one position to another. While gears are sometimes used simply for this reason to transmit rotation to another shaft perhaps their most significant feature is that, if the gears are of asymmetrical sizes, a mechanical advantage is also achieved, so that the rotational speed, and torque, of the second gear are dissimilar from that of the first. In this way, gears provide a means of increasing or decreasing a turning speed, or a torque.

Inductor

2007-07-20T06:47:00.001-07:00

IPL

2007-07-16T02:48:00.001-07:00

IPL is Initial program load, used in operating system. In computing, booting is a bootstrapping method that starts operating systems when the user turns on a computer system. A boot series is the set of operations the computer performs when it is switched on that loads an operating system.

Most computer systems can only complete code found in the memory (ROM or RAM). Modern operating systems are stored on hard disks, or occasionally on Live CDs, USB flash drives, or other non-volatile storage devices. When a computer is first power-driven on, it doesn't have an operating system in memory. The computer's hardware alone cannot perform complex measures such as loading a program from disk, so an apparent paradox exists, to load the operating system into memory, one appears to need to have an operating system already loaded. The System/360 IPL function reads 24 bytes from an operator-specified or pre-configured machine into memory starting at location zero. The second and third groups of eight bytes are treated as Channel Command Words (CCWs) to maintain loading the startup program. When the I/O channel instructions are complete, the first group of eight bytes is then loaded into the Program Status Word (PSW) register and the startup program begins completing at the designated location.

Electronics

2007-07-10T04:26:00.000-07:00

Electronics is the learn of the flow of charge through different materials and devices such as, semiconductors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, nano-structures, and vacuum tubes. All applications of electronics involve the transmission of either information or power. Although measured to be a theoretical branch of physics, the design and structure of electronic circuits to solve practical problems is an e Most analog electronic appliances, such as radio receivers, are constructed from combinations of a few types of basic circuits. Analog circuits use a continuous range of voltage as contrasting to discrete level as in digital circuits. The number of different analog circuits so far devised is huge, especially because a circuit can be defined as anything from a single component, to systems containing thousands of mechanism.

Locks

2007-06-29T03:07:00.001-07:00

Locks are advisory locks, where each thread cooperates by acquiring the lock before accessing the equivalent data. Some systems also implement mandatory locks, where attempting unauthorized access to a locked resource will force exclusion in the entity attempting to make the access.

In terms of access to the data, no difference is made between shared or exclusive modes. Other schemes provide for a shared mode, where several threads can obtain a shared lock for read-only access to the data. Other modes such as exclusive, intend-to-exclude and intend-to-upgrade are also widely implemented.

Independent of the type of lock chosen above, locks can be confidential by what happens when the lock strategy prevents progress of a thread. Most locking designs block the finishing of the process requesting the lock until it is allowed to access the locked resource. A spin lock is a lock where the thread simply waits until the lock becomes accessible. It is very efficient if threads are only likely to be uncreative for a short period of time, as it avoids the overhead of operating system process re-scheduling. It is wasteful if the padlock is held for a long period of time.

Honey

2007-06-25T02:49:00.001-07:00

Honey is a sweet and thick fluid produced by honey bees from the nectar of flowers. According to the United States National Honey Board and various international food system, honey stipulates a pure product that does not allow for the addition of any other substance...this includes, but is not limited to, water or other sweeteners. This article refers exclusively to the honey produced by honey bees honey twisted by other bees or other insect have very different properties. Honey is significantly sweeter than table sugar and has attractive chemical properties for baking. Honey has a typical flavor which leads some people to prefer it over sugar and other sweeteners.

Most microorganisms do not grow in honey because of its low water movement of 0.6[2]. However, it is important to note that honey frequently contains dormant end spores of the bacteria Clostridium outline, which can be perilous to infants as the end spores can transform into toxin-producing bacteria in the infant's immature intestinal tract, leading to disease and even death. The study of pollens and spores in raw honey can determine floral sources of honey. Because bees carry an electrostatic charge, and can attract other particles, the same techniques of melissopalynology can be used in area ecological studies of radioactive particles, sand, or particulate pollution.

Color

2007-06-15T03:23:00.001-07:00

Color is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the category called red, yellow, white, etc. Color derives from variety of light distribution of light energy versus wavelength interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors. Color categories and physical specifications of color are also associated with objects, materials, light sources, etc., based on their physical properties such as light combination, reflection, or emission spectra.

Typically, only features of the composition of light that are measurable by humans wavelength spectrum from 400 nm to 700 nm, roughly are included, thereby objectively relating the psychological phenomenon of color to its physical specification. Because perception of color stems from the varying sensitivity of different types of cone cells in the retina to different parts of the spectrum, colors may be defined and quantify by the degree to which they inspire these cells. These physical or physiological quantifications of color, however, do not fully clarify the psychophysical perception of color appearance

Foreclosure

2007-05-16T04:33:00.001-07:00

Foreclosure is the legal proceeding in which bank or other secured creditor sells or reclaims a part of real property due to the owner's failure to comply with the agreement between the lender and borrower called a "mortgage" or "deed of trust". Usually, the abuse of the mortgage is a default in payment of a promissory note, secured by a lien on the property. When the transaction is complete, it is normally said that the lender has foreclosed its mortgage or lien.

In US, there are two kinds of foreclosure in common law states. Using a deed in lieu of foreclosure, the bank claims the title and possession of the property back in full satisfaction of a debt, usually on contract. Many states needs the latter sort of proceeding in some or all cases of foreclosure, in order to protect any equity the debtor may have in the property, in case the value of the debt being foreclosed on is significantly less than the market value of the immovable assets.

Eel

2006-12-06T10:18:00.000-08:00

True eels are a place of fish, which consists of 4 suborders, 19 families, 110 genera and 400 species. Most eels are predators.

The flat and translucent larva of the eel is called a leptocephalus. A young eel is called an elver. Most eels prefer to dwell in shallow waters or hide at the base layer of the ocean, sometimes in holes. Only the Anguillidae family comes to fresh water to dwell there (not to breed). Some eels dwell in deep water (in case of family Synaphobranchidae, this comes to a deepness of 4,000 m), or are active swimmers (the family Nemichthyidae - to the depth of 500 m).

Eels lack pelvic fins and the linked skeletal structures. The pectoral fins (in those species that have them) are midlateral in position and lack the post temporal bone, which connects the shoulder strap to the skull. The caudal and anal fins are long, typically connecting with the tail (caudal) fin. The caudal fin lacks rays or may be absent. The body is extremely elongated. The number of rays of the gill webbing ranges from 6 to 51, though occasionally they are absent altogether. The scales are cycloid or absent.

Depending on their species, eels can achieve from 10 cm to 3 m, and weigh up to 65 kg. Freshwater eels (unagi) and marine eels (Conger eel, anago) are usually used in Japanese cuisine. Unadon is a very well-liked but rather expensive food. Eels are used in Cantonese and Shanghai cuisine too. The European eel and other freshwater eels are eaten in Europe, the United States, and additional places around the world. A traditional East London food is jellied eels. The Basque delicacy angulas consists of deep-fried elvers.

Bobolink

2006-11-22T18:13:00.001-08:00

The Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus, is a small New World blackbird, the only member of genus Dolichonyx.

Adults are 16-18 cm long with a short finch-like bill. The adult male is mainly black with a creamy nape and white scapulars, minor back and rump. The adult female is mainly light brown with black streaks on the back and flanks and dark stripes on the head; their wings and tail are darker.

Their breeding habitat is open grassy fields, particularly hay fields, across North America. The female lays 5 to 6 eggs in a cup nest on the ground, usually well-hidden in dense vegetation. Both parents feed the young birds.

These birds migrate to Argentina and Paraguay. They often wander in flocks, feeding on cultivated grains and rice, which leads to them being considered a pest by farmers in some areas. These long distance migrants occur as very rare vagrants to Western Europe.

Bobolinks forage on or near the ground and mainly eat seeds and insects.

The male sings a bright bubbly song in flight which gave this species its ordinary name.

The numbers of these birds are declining due to loss of habitat. Originally, they were found in tall grass prairie and other open areas with dense grass. Although hay fields are suitable nesting habitat, fields which are harvested many times in a season may not allow sufficient time for the young birds to fledge. This species improved in numbers when horses were the primary mode of transportation, requiring larger supplies of hay.

Surety bond

2006-11-12T21:33:00.000-08:00

A surety bond is a contract among at least three parties: the principal, the obligee, and the surety. Through this agreement, the surety agrees to make the obligee whole (usually by payment of money) if the principal defaults in its performance of its promise to the obligee. The contract is formed so as to induce the obligee to contract with the principal, i.e., to demonstrate the credibility of the principal.

There are two main categories of bond types: contract bonds and commercial bonds. Contract bonds guarantee a specific contract. Examples include performance, bid, supply, maintenance and subdivision bonds. Commercial bonds guarantee per the terms of the bond form. Examples include license & permit, union bonds, etc.

Suretyship bonds originated hundreds of years ago as a mechanism through which trade over long distance could be encouraged. They are frequently used in the construction industry: in order to obtain a contract to build the project, the general contractor must provide the owner a bond for its performance of the terms of the contract. Conversely, owners and contractors may also provide payment bonds to ensure that subcontractors and suppliers are paid for work done. Under the Miller Act, payment and performance bonds are required for general contractors on all U.S. federal government construction projects where the contract price exceeds $100,000.00.

Haematopoiesis

2006-10-09T04:38:00.000-07:00

Haematopoiesis is the formation of blood cellular components. All of the cellular components of the blood are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. The term pluripotent refers to the ability of a cell to become many different types of cell. Pluripotent haematopoetic cells can become any type of cell in the blood system. The pluripotent cells determine what type of cell to become, or differentiate, in a step-wise fashion.

In developing embryos, blood formation occurs in aggregates of blood cells in the yolk sac, called blood islands. As development progresses, blood formation occurs in the spleen, liver and lymph nodes. When bone marrow develops, it eventually assumes the task of forming most of the blood cells for the entire organism. However; maturation, activation, and some proliferation of lymphoid cells occurs in secondary lymphoid organs . While most haematopoiesis in adults occurs in the marrow of the long bones such as the femurs, it also occurs in spongy bone. In some cases, the liver, thymus, and spleen may resume their haematopoietic function if necessary.

Religion

2006-09-01T04:37:00.000-07:00

Religion is a system of social coherence based on a common group of beliefs concerning an object, person, unseen or imaginary being, or system of thought considered to be supernatural, sacred, divine or highest truth, and the moral codes, practices, values, institutions, and rituals associated with such belief or system of thought. It is sometimes used interchangeably with "faith" or "belief system", but is more socially defined than that of personal convictions.

The development of religion has taken many forms in various cultures. "Organized religion" generally refers to an organization of people supporting the exercise of some religion with a prescribed set of beliefs, often taking the form of a legal entity . Other religions believe in personal revelation and responsibility.There are many definitions of religion, and most have struggled to avoid an overly sharp definition on the one hand, and meaningless generalities on the other. Some have tried to use formalistic, doctrinal definitions and others have tried to use experiential, emotive, intuitive, valuational and ethical factors.

Weather

2006-07-27T21:40:00.000-07:00

Weather is an all-encompassing term used to explain all of the many and varied phenomena that can occur in the atmosphere of a planet. The term is normally taken to mean the activity of these phenomena over short periods of time, typically no more than a few days in length. Average atmospheric conditions over significantly longer periods are known as climate. Usage of the two terms often overlaps and the concepts are obviously very closely connected. Weather phenomena result from temperature differences around the globe, which arise primarily because areas closer to the tropics, around the equator, obtain more energy from the Sun than more northern and southern regions, nearer to the Earth's poles.

A secondary cause of temperature differences on the Earth is that different surface areas have differing reflectivity, and therefore absorb and radiate dissimilar amounts of the solar energy they receive. Surface temperature differences cause vertical wind currents. A hot surface heats the air above it, and the air expands and rises, lowering the air pressure and drawing colder air into its place. Rising and expanding air gives up its heat and so cools, which causes it to shrink and sink, increasing air pressure and displacing the air already below it.

IP address

2006-07-14T00:52:00.000-07:00

An IP address is a unique number that devices use in order to identify and communicate with each other on a computer network utilizing the Internet Protocol standard . Any participating network device — including routers, computers, time-servers, printers, Internet fax machines, and some telephones — must have its own unique address. An IP address can also be thought of as the equivalent of a street address or a phone number for a computer or other network device on the internet. Just as each street address and phone number uniquely identifies a building or telephone, an IP address can uniquely identify a specific computer or other network device on a network.

An IP address can appear to be shared by multiple client devices either because they are part of a shared hosting web server environment or because a proxy server acts as an intermediary agent on behalf of its customers, in which case the real originating IP addresses might be hidden from the server receiving a request. The analogy to telephone systems would be the use of predial numbers and extensions.

Antibiotic

2006-07-05T02:52:00.000-07:00

An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics are one class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes anti-viral, anti-fungal, and anti-parasitic drugs. They are relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. The term, coined by Selman Waksman, originally described only those formulations derived from living organisms, in contrast to "chemotherapeutic agents", which are purely synthetic. Nowadays the term "antibiotic" is also applied to synthetic antimicrobials, such as the sulfa drugs. Antibiotics are generally small molecules with a molecular weight less than 2000. They are not enzymes. Some antibiotics have been derived from mould, for example the penicillin class.

Antibiotics can also be classified by the organisms against which they are effective, and by the type of infection in which they are useful, which depends on the sensitivities of the organisms that most commonly cause the infection and the concentration of antibiotic obtainable in the affected tissue.

Physical Model

2006-07-04T23:49:00.000-07:00

A physical model is used in various contexts to mean a physical representation of some thing. That thing may be a single item or object a large system.The geometry of the model and the object it represents are often similar in the sense that one is a rescaling of the other; in such cases the scale is an important characteristic. However, in many cases the similarity is only approximate or even intentionally distorted. Sometimes the distortion is systematic with e.g. a fixed scale horizontally and a larger fixed scale vertically when modelling topography of a large area.

Physical models in science and technology allow us to simulate or visualize something about the thing it represents. A model in this sense is a physical object such as an architectural model of a projected building or an existing one.

2006-07-02T22:31:00.000-07:00